Resumen
This manuscript provides a detailed analysis of the advancements in thoracic surgery. It traces the journey from the standard pneumonectomy to the precise approach of sublobar resections. The manuscript emphasizes the emergence and acceptance of advanced techniques such as robotic-assisted surgery. It also highlights the pivotal role of preserving organ functionality while ensuring oncological radicality, which is especially important when treating early-stage lung cancer. Through a comprehensive review of contemporary surgical methods and their clinical outcomes, this paper explains the delicate balance that modern thoracic surgeons must achieve between aggressive cancer removal and preserving the quality of life. It thereby contributes to the ongoing refinement of the field.