Resumen
Nutritional support for patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer is widely accepted for reducing the incidence of perioperative complications. Immunonutrition is generally recommended to decrease the incidence of infectious complications. However, there is little clinical data regarding the impact of such treatment on tumor biology. Some basic studies show its negative impact on the development of the tumor, while others suggest it might be beneficial. Currently, there is no clinical evidence for any effect of immunonutrition on tumor tissues in vivo. Therefore, we designed this pilot randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of immunonutrition compared with standard nutritional support in the preoperative period on the inflammatory response, cytokine expression, and leukocyte infiltration in the tumor tissue. Changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL8), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression were observed after the intervention. In the immune group, a decrease in neutrophil infiltration was observed. Immunonutrition in the preoperative period influenced inflammatory response in patients with colorectal cancer.