Resumen
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine have been shown to be potential biomarkers for breast cancer. However, how urinary VOCs change upon the course of tumor progression has never been studied. The aim of our study was to identify changes in VOC profiles corresponding to mammary tumor (triple negative cells) presence and progression in mice models of induced breast cancer. Urine samples were collected from mice prior to tumor injection and from days 2?19 after. VOC models constructed by linear discriminant analysis had high ability to distinguish tumor-bearing mice from control and determine the week of urine collection after tumor injection. Principal component regression analysis demonstrated that VOCs could predict the number of days since tumor injection. VOCs identified from these analyses correspond to metabolic pathways dysregulated by breast cancer and previous biomarker investigations. It is anticipated that these findings can be translated into human research for early detection of breast cancer recurrence.