Resumen
The crucial question demanding answer is why are we once again focusing on industrialization as a strategic goal in a situation of global economic crisis, and in the perspective of the recovery of Serbian economy? In this discussion paper the difficulties that Serbian economy is facing are analyzed having in mind the historical perspective encompassing different social, political and economic circumstances and changes that Serbia underwent in the period after the Second World War. In this overall historical perspective, the development of industry and its overall effects on economic development in Serbia are analyzed. The prospects and economic effects to be expected from new industrialization policy measures are discussed.