Resumen
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer among pediatric patients. Thanks to the introduction of revolutionary treatment methods and advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease over the last few decades, survival rates of childhood ALL have increased from less than 10% in the 1960s to almost 90% currently in developed countries. However, there is still a need for further improvement. The latest findings in the field of epigenetics and acute lymphoblastic leukemia show promising potential for the treatment and diagnostics of this disease. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge, according to recent findings, on epigenetics in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including specific epigenetic alterations in ALL, their potential use as biomarkers for classification, predicting relapse and disease progression, as well as them being targets for novel therapeutic strategies.