Resumen
The modification method of aluminosilicate clays and the modifier content have a decisive influence on the structure and properties of the obtained nanocomposites. Therefore, the development and research of new techniques of nanoclays modification are of great importance for polymer nano-chemistry. The work studied the modification of montmorillonite (MMT) using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in an aqueous colloidal solution with the subsequent separation of three separate fractions of the solution according to the previously developed method. The influence of the initial mass ratio of components (MMT/PVP) on the structure and thermal properties of the modified MMT in each solution layer was determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for research. It was established that the mass ratio of components in the initial solution has almost no effect on the structure of MMT in the top and middle solution layers, but significantly affects the yield of final products. Different structures can be obtained in the bottom layer of the solution. Still, intercalated MMT was obtained exclusively at the mass ratio of MMT/PVP = 1:2. In addition, the work investigated the structure and thermal properties of modified montmorillonites with the same PVP content, and it has been proven that such composites have dissimilar structures and properties when obtained by different methods.