Resumen
The navigation system can be implemented in smartphones. With affordable haptic accessories, it helps the visually impaired people to navigate indoor without using GPS and wireless beacons. In the meantime, the advanced path planning in the system benefits the visually impaired navigation since it minimizes the possibility of collision in application. Moreover, the haptic interaction allows a human-centric real-time delivery of motion instruction which overcomes the conventional turn-by-turn waypoint finding instructions. Since the system prototype has been developed and tested, a commercialized application that helps visually impaired people in real life can be expected.